graduate student from 01.01.2024 to 01.01.2025
employee from 01.01.2021 until now
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Pyometra (cystic endometrial hyperplasia complex) is a common and potentially fatal reproductive disease of intact female dogs, characterized by purulent inflammation of the uterus. The aim of this study was to comprehensively investigate the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory changes, and microbiological profile of pyometra in dogs, with a focus on analyzing the antibiotic resistance of isolated pathogens to optimize diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The study included 59 animals with a verified diagnosis, divided into groups with open (n = 26) and closed (n = 33) forms of the disease. All animals underwent a full clinical examination, peripheral blood testing, serum biochemistry, ultrasound diagnostics, and bacterial culture of endometrial samples, followed by identification of isolates using MALDI-TOF MS and determination of their susceptibility to 14 antimicrobial agents using the agar diffusion method. The study results confirmed that pyometra is most often diagnosed in dogs of reproductive age 2–6 years. It was established that the latent form of the disease is associated with a more severe course, manifested by a statistically significantly higher incidence of fever (36.3 versus 15.4 %) and anorexia (30.3 versus 11.5 %). Laboratory data revealed a characteristic complex of disorders in most animals: anemia (a decrease in red blood cells in 91.5 %), hypoalbuminemia (79.7 %), azotemia (76.3 %), and increased alanine aminotransferase activity (84.7 %). Microbiological analysis established the dominance of gram-negative microflora: the leading pathogen was Escherichia coli (32.3 %), followed by Pseudomonas spp. (22.0 %). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated high efficacy of aminoglycosides (amikacin – 83.1 %, gentamicin – 81.4 %), protected aminopenicillin (amoxicillin-clavulanate – 74.6 %), and carbapenem (imipenem – 84.7 %). Ovariohysterectomy remains the primary radical treatment option, and antibiotic use should be adjuvant and based on susceptibility testing results, which is key to increasing treatment success and controlling the spread of antimicrobial resistance in veterinary practice.
pyometra, dogs, antibiotic resistance, antibiotic susceptibility, microbiological analysis, hematological parameters, clinical signs, ovariohysterectomy
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