The research objective was studying the influ-ence of forest fires of the Republic of Buryatia on the environment and health of the population. The analysis of registered forest fires on the territories of the Republic of Buryatia and neighboring regions was carried out for the period from 2012 to 2016. The tendency of increasing in peat fires and their areas in 2014-2015 was established. In general the area of forest fires for this period made 1 232 369.58 hectares. The research of the rea-sons of emergence of forest fires during various periods of a season was made. The calculation of mass of emissions of products of burning at forest fires was made. On the basis of conducted re-searches, studying of the reports and polyclinic da-ta it was established that in the structure of morbidi-ty of the population of the Republic of Buryatia the first range place had been taken by the diseases of respiratory organs. Due to the increase in the mor-bidity of the population of the Republic of Buryatia by diseases of respiratory organs the greatest in-terest has studying of biochemical picture of blood, in particular the maintenance of carbon monoxide which is the main indicator in human body in re-sponse to air pollution by carbon monoxide. In this study the assessment of influence of carbon mon-oxide which is allocated at the combustion of forest vegetation on considerable areas on the health of the population of the Republic of Buryatia was car-ried out. It is known that physiological norm of car-bon monoxide makes 0.1 to 2.0 %. According to the researches, the level of carboxyhemoglobin of adult population of Ulan-Ude is ranging from 1.7 to 3.5 % that testifies to the excess of standard indica-tors. Direct dependence of the state of health of the population of the Republic of Buryatia on forest fires followed by allocation of polluting substances was established.