On the example of many agricultural crops, de-pendence of frequency of occurrence of blocks of prolamin components from various climatic factors has been established. The investigations were car-ried out in the laboratory of Varietal Identification of Seeds of Northern Trans-Urals State Agrarian Uni-versity for the purpose of comparative characteriza-tion of collections of samples of common and red oats on the basis of the component composition of avenin and an assessment of the possibility of us-ing blocks of avenin components in marker breed-ing when assessing the initial material for oats. For laboratory analysis 20 kernels selected at random from each of oats samples were used. Electropho-resis separation of avenin was carried out in verti-cal plates of polyacrylamide gel at a constant volt-age of 500 V for 3.5-4.0 h. It was established that in the A. sativa collection 47.7 % of the samples were homogeneous in the component composition of avenin, the maximum number of biotypes in het-erogeneous samples of this species was 9. Among the A. byzantina samples, 75.0 % were heteroge-neous, and the number of biotypes detected in one sample reached 12. The total number of avenin components found in the spectra of samples of common oat was 160. In the spectra of the samples of red oats 59 components were found, 84.7% of which were also found in samples of A. sativa, which is a consequence of their origin from one parent form - A. sterilis L that can be result of evo-lutionary development of types in different climatic conditions. As a result of identification of allelic var-iants of blocks of prolamine components, it was established that collections of samples of common and red oats differed in the total number of detect-ed variants of block and the frequency of their oc-currence. The data obtained are promising for fur-ther investigation and detection of the blocks of avenin components, including species - specific ones, which mark valuable economic and adaptive features of oats.