The personality self-determination phenomenon is researched from the philosophical, sociological, psychological and pedagogical points of view. The special attention is given to the philosophical knowledge that gives general direction and value orientations to the self-determination process. The meaning of the "self-determination" concept from the sociological point of view is represented as the basic instrument of personality socialization. The psychological approaches to the problem of self-determination are revealed in the article, the correlation between the inner and outer “Ego” of a person in the self-determination process is proved. The pedagogical aspect of self-determination shows the correlation of personality self-determination and values, it reveals the mechanism of the value self-determination development.