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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Bulletin of KSAU</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Bulletin of KSAU</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Вестник КрасГАУ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">1819-4036</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">108848</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36718/1819-4036-2026-5-124-137</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="edn">ehbfxq</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Зоотехния и ветеринария</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Animal breeding and veterinary surgery</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Зоотехния и ветеринария</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">FUNGUS GENUS ALTERNARIA: TOXICITY, TAXONOMY, AND DISTRIBUTION</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>ГРИБЫ РОДА ALTERNARIA: ТОКСИГЕННОСТЬ, ТАКСОНОМИЯ И РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЕ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Ермолаева</surname>
       <given-names>Ольга Константиновна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Ermolaeva</surname>
       <given-names>Olga konstantinovna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>ermolao@list.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Матросова</surname>
       <given-names>Лилия Евгеньевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Matrosova</surname>
       <given-names>Liliya Evgen'evna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>M.Lilia.Evg@yandex.Ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Танасева</surname>
       <given-names>Светлана Анатольевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Tanaseva</surname>
       <given-names>Svetlana Anatol'evna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>s-tanaseva@mail.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат биологических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of sciences in biology;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Мишина</surname>
       <given-names>Наиля Наримановна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Mishina</surname>
       <given-names>Nailya Narimanovna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>MishinaNailyaN@yandex.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат биологических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of sciences in biology;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8757-3595</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Идрисова</surname>
       <given-names>Элина Илгизовна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Idrisova</surname>
       <given-names>Elina Ilgizovna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>Elina.idrisova82@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ &quot;Федеральный центр токсикологической и радиационной и биологической безопасности&quot;</institution>
     <city>Казань</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution &quot;Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety&quot;</institution>
     <city>Казань</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федер. центр токсикологической, радиационной и биологической безопасности, г. Казань</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Федер. центр токсикологической, радиационной и биологической безопасности, г. Казань</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Федеральный центр токсикологической и радиационной и биологической безопасности»</institution>
     <city>Казань</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Security</institution>
     <city>Kazan</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Федеральный центр токсикологической, радиационной и биологической безопасности»</institution>
     <city>Казань</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety</institution>
     <city>Kazan</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Федеральный центр токсикологической, радиационной и биологической безопасности»</institution>
     <city>Казань</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety</institution>
     <city>Kazan</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-6">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный центр токсикологической, радиационной и биологической безопасности</institution>
     <city>Казань</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safet</institution>
     <city>Kazan</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-09T07:12:07+03:00">
    <day>09</day>
    <month>07</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-09T07:12:07+03:00">
    <day>09</day>
    <month>07</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <issue>5</issue>
   <fpage>124</fpage>
   <lpage>137</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-26T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>26</day>
     <month>11</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.kgau.ru/en/nauka/article/108848/view">https://vestnik.kgau.ru/en/nauka/article/108848/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Цель исследования – обзор современных публикаций отечественных и зарубежных ученых, посвященных микроскопическим грибам рода Alternaria. Задачи: отбор и анализ литературных данных с использованием баз данных Google академия, Elabrary, Sciencedirect, PubMed и др., посвященных микроскопическим грибам Alternaria sp. Всего проанализировано более 60 работ отечественных и зарубежных ученых. Alternaria – это повсеместно распространенный гриб, включающий эндофитные, фитопатогенные и сапрофитные роды. Грибы рода Alternaria содержат более 360 видов, вызывают заболевания важнейших продовольственных культур и продуцируют широкий спектр вторичных токсичных метаболитов – альтернариотоксинов (альтернариол, монометиловый эфир альтернариола, альтенуен, тентоксин, тенуазоновая кислота). В представленном материале затронута таксономия и распространение грибов рода Alternaria, представлены морфо-культуральные свойства. Показана опасность грибов Alternaria для сельскохозяйственных культур. Грибы данного рода преимущественно поражают листья, способны также инфицировать семена и плоды. Некоторые виды Alternaria spp., паразитирующие на сорных растениях, рассматриваются в качестве биогербицидов. Освещены вопросы токсичности и распространенности метаболитов грибов рода Alternaria. Большинство метаболитов рода Alternaria по химической природе ксантолы, антрахиноновые пигменты, циклические пентапептиды, ненасыщенные кислоты. Метаболиты грибов рода Alternaria – альтернариатоксины не регламентированы в Российской Федерации, проявляют цитотоксичность и генотоксичность. Микотоксины Alternaria (особенно тенуазоновая кислота и альтернариол) часто обнаруживаются в пищевых и сельскохозяйственных продуктах, что представляет большую опасность для здоровья человека и животных. Представлены современные физико-химические методы идентификации альтернариатокcинов.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The aim of the study is to review modern publications by Russian and foreign scientists on microscopic fungi of the genus Alternaria. Tasks: selection and analysis of literature data using databases Google academy, Elabrary, Sciencedirect, PubMed, etc., devoted to microscopic fungi Alternaria sp. In total, more than 60 works of Russian and foreign scientists were analyzed. Alternaria is a ubiquitous fungus that includes endophytic, phytopathogenic and saprophytic genera. The genus Alternaria contains more than 360 species that cause diseases in important food crops and produce a wide range of secondary toxic metabolites, including alternariotoxins (alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, altenuen, tentoxin, and tenuazonic acid). The presented material discusses the taxonomy and distribution of fungi of the genus Alternaria, and presents their morphological and cultural properties. The article highlights the potential threat of Alternaria fungi to agricultural crops. These fungi primarily infect leaves, but they can also infect seeds and fruits. Some species of Alternaria spp. that parasitize weeds are considered as bioherbicides. The article also explores the toxicity and prevalence of metabolites produced by fungi of the genus Alternaria. Most metabolites of the Alternaria genus are chemically xanthols, anthraquinone pigments, cyclic pentapeptides, and unsaturated acids. The metabolites of fungi of the genus Alternaria, alternariatoxins, are unregulated in the Russian Federation and exhibit cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Alternaria mycotoxins (especially tenuazonic acid and alternariol) are often found in food and agricultural products, which poses a great danger to human and animal health. Modern physical and chemical methods for identifying alternariatoxins are presented.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>микромицеты</kwd>
    <kwd>Alternaria</kwd>
    <kwd>альтернариотоксин</kwd>
    <kwd>альтернариол</kwd>
    <kwd>тенуазоновая кислота</kwd>
    <kwd>контаминация</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>micromycetes</kwd>
    <kwd>Alternaria</kwd>
    <kwd>alternariotoxin</kwd>
    <kwd>alternariol</kwd>
    <kwd>tenuazonic acid</kwd>
    <kwd>contamination</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
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