In the study liberalism as the direction of social theories, most wide-spread and influential in the world is considered. It is based on three princi-ples: private property as legal basis of economic life; free business as gener-ator of economic progress of free competition and as regulating mechanism of economic relations. The purpose of the study is, firstly, to help in under-standing the system of liberalism as independent direction of social thought, to look at it as complete representation. Secondly, to discuss the most diffi-cult questions. Neoliberal direction as the development of liberalism arose in 1930-s as an independent frame of reference to the problem of state regula-tion of economy within market system. The development and evolution of domestic liberalism is considered by Doctor of Economics B. Plyshevsky to be in two stages - pre-revolutionary and Post-Soviet. The first stage was characterized by penetration into Russia of liberal ideology; acquaintance with it of the population with European education (the nobility, officials, merchants and industrialists). Liberalism of Post-Soviet period differs in the following lines. The first of them is inability to solve development problems. Our reformers did not manage to offer the real program of economic recov-ery: developed programs were not executed. The high inflation exceeding level in industrialized countries became the second line of market mecha-nism. Market system created by liberals in practice became the rule of brak-ing economic growth - instruments of distribution of the income operated against the solution of problems of development that predetermined the fail-ure of long-term programs. Now the analysis of distribution of the income and all tools of the market should be overestimated in essence. The study will help in receiving knowledge of the ways of reforming Russian economy and to subordinate in 2018-2025 the mechanism of the market to interests of the development of economy and the solution of related social problems.