The peculiarities of theTaimyr aboriginaleconomic lifestyle are researched in the article. It is established that during the XVII-XIX centuries the complex type of economy (fishing, hunting for fur animals, gathering berries and mushrooms, reindeer breeding) with the domination of hunting for the wild deer was createdon the East Taimyr. According to the author, the national culture determined by economic lifestyle, plays a larger role than the kinship of people according to the language classification,because in the conflict with thekindred Samoyeds (the Nenets), the Enets and the Nganasans united with the Evenks and the Dolgans.