Bulletin of KSAU

Вестник КрасГАУ

1819-4036

105943

10.36718/1819-4036-2026-3-80-96

ouyszq

Зоотехния и ветеринария

Animal breeding and veterinary surgery

Зоотехния и ветеринария

COAT COLOUR INHERITANCE PATTERNS ASSOCIATED WITH THE LEOPARD COMPLEX IN HORSES (A REVIEW)

ЗАКОНОМЕРНОСТИ НАСЛЕДОВАНИЯ МАСТЕЙ, АССОЦИИРОВАННЫХ С ЛЕОПАРДОВЫМ КОМПЛЕКСОМ, У ЛОШАДЕЙ (ОБЗОР)

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7129-3133

Калинкова

Лилия Владимировна

Kalinkova

Liliya Vladimirovna

genlab.horses.ru@gmail.com

кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук;

candidate of agricultural sciences;

Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт коневодства имени академика В.В. Калашникова» Рязань Россия The All-Russian Research Institute for Horse Breeding named after Academy Member V.V. Kalashnikov Ryazan Russian Federation

03 04 2026

3 80 96 31 10 2025

https://vestnik.kgau.ru/en/nauka/article/105943/view

Цель исследования – обобщение опубликованных результатов исследований закономерностей наследования чубарой масти у домашних лошадей. Задачи: провести анализ научных работ, направленных на изучение вариабельности чубарой масти и ее генетической детерминации. При подготовке обзора были использованы публикации ведущих научно-исследовательских групп, работающих в области генетики лошади. Поиск научных публикаций выполнялся с использованием следующих электронных библиотечных ресурсов и баз данных: Wiley (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com), PubMed Central (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), ResearchGate (https://researchgate.net), OMIA – Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (https://omia.org). В список литературных источников было включено 7 монографий и 55 научных статей. Среди лошадей, имеющих признаки леопардового комплекса, наблюдается крайне широкое разнообразие вариаций фенотипов по масти. Ключевую роль играет мутация LP (Leopard) в гене TRPM1, вызывающая появление уникальных вариантов депигментации у лошадей. Мутации LP появилась в популяциях древних лошадей задолго до их одомашнивания и была вызвана ретровирусной инсерцией в интроне 1 гена TRPM1. К настоящему времени идентифицировано два локуса, мутации в которых ассоциированны с контролем вариабельности мастей леопардового комплекса у домашних лошадей: неполностью доминантный мутантный аллелель LP (ECA1:g.108297929_ 108297930ins1378) и доминантный модифицирующий аллель PATN-1 (SNP ECA3:g.23658447T>G). Важно отметить, что, как правило, только гетерозиготность по аллелю LP в сочетании с наличием в генотипе лошади доминантного модификатора PATN-1 приводит к предпочтительному хорошо выраженному фенотипу леопардовой масти. Мутация LP является основным фактором, определяющим наличие различных вариантов депигментации, наблюдаемой у чубарых лошадей. При этом гетерозиготные лошади (с генотипом LP/lp) обычно демонстрируют классические варианты чубарой масти в виде леопардовых пятен на белом фоне или чалую масть. Характер и интенсивность признаков депигментации могут значительно варьироваться в зависимости от дополнительных генетических факторов.

The aim of the study is to summarize the published results of studies on the inheritance patterns of the piebald coat color in domestic horses. Objectives: to analyze scientific papers aimed at studying the variability of the piebald coat color and its genetic determination. In preparing the review, publications of leading research groups working in the field of equine genetics were used. The search for scientific publications was performed using the following electronic library resources and databases: Wiley (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com), PubMed Central (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), ResearchGate (https://researchgate.net), OMIA – Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (https://www.omia.org). The list of references included 7 monographs and 55 scientific articles. Among horses with traits of the leopard complex, an extremely wide variety of phenotypes in color is observed. The LP (Leopard) mutation in the TRPM1 gene plays a key role, causing unique depigmentation patterns in horses. The LP mutation appeared in ancient horse populations long before their domestication and was caused by a retroviral insertion into intron 1 of the TRPM1 gene. To date, two loci have been identified whose mutations are associated with the control of leopard skin color variation in domestic horses: the incompletely dominant mutant LP allele (ECA1:g.108297929_ 108297930ins1378) and the dominant modifying allele PATN-1 (SNP ECA3:g.23658447T>G). It is important to note that, as a rule, only heterozygosity for the LP allele in combination with the presence of the dominant modifier PATN-1 in the horse's genotype leads to the preferred, well-defined leopard skin color phenotype. The LP mutation is the main factor determining the presence of various depigmentation variants observed in piebald horses. Heterozygous horses (with the LP/lp genotype) typically exhibit classic piebald patterns, such as leopard spots on a white background, or a roan color. The nature and intensity of depigmentation signs can vary significantly depending on additional genetic factors.

домашние лошади масти лошадей леопардовый комплекс ген TRPM1

domestic horses equine coat colors leopard skin complex TRPM1 gene

исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 24-26-00105.

the study was supported by grant № 24-26-00105 from the Russian Science Foundation.

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