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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Bulletin of KSAU</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Bulletin of KSAU</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Вестник КрасГАУ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">1819-4036</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">103935</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36718/1819-4036-2026-5-150-162</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="edn">tpltxg</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Зоотехния и ветеринария</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Animal breeding and veterinary surgery</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Зоотехния и ветеринария</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF VARIOUS ADJUVANTS DURING EPIDURAL  ANESTHESIA IN DOGS</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ АДЪЮВАНТОВ ПРИ ПРОВЕДЕНИИ ЭПИДУРАЛЬНОЙ АНЕСТЕЗИИ У СОБАК</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Смоловская</surname>
       <given-names>Оксана Владимировна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Smolovskaya</surname>
       <given-names>Oksana Vladimirovna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>smol_vet@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Плешков</surname>
       <given-names>Владимир Александрович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Pleshkov</surname>
       <given-names>Vladimir A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>6110699@mail.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of agricultural sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Воронина</surname>
       <given-names>Юлия Романовна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Voronina</surname>
       <given-names>Yulia Romanovna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>vella2002@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Кемеровский государственный университет»</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">ФГБОУ ВО «Кемеровский государственный университет»</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Кемеровский государственный университет</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Kemerovo State University</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Ветеринарная клиника «ВетДоктор»</institution>
     <city>Новосибирск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Ветеринарная клиника «ВетДоктор»</institution>
     <city>Новосибирск</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-09T07:12:07+03:00">
    <day>09</day>
    <month>07</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-09T07:12:07+03:00">
    <day>09</day>
    <month>07</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <issue>5</issue>
   <fpage>150</fpage>
   <lpage>162</lpage>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.kgau.ru/en/nauka/article/103935/view">https://vestnik.kgau.ru/en/nauka/article/103935/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Цель исследований – оценка эффективности и безопасности применения различных адъювантов при проведении эпидуральной анестезии у собак. Исследование проводилось в период  2024–2025 гг. на базе ветеринарной клиники «ВетДоктор» (г. Новосибирск). Протокол эпидуральной анестезии разрабатывался с учетом индивидуальных особенностей пациента, характера и продолжительности хирургического вмешательства. Подготовка животных к анестезии осуществлялась по единому протоколу для всех групп исследования. Перед проведением процедуры у животных ограничивался доступ к корму на протяжении 8–12 ч. Для индукции применялся пропофол в дозе 4–6 мг/кг внутривенно до достижения требуемой глубины анестезии. После индукции производилась эндотрахеальная интубация и перевод животного на ингаляционную анестезию с использованием изофлурана в концентрации 1,5–2,5 % в потоке кислорода 0,1 л/кг/мин. Объем вводимого раствора рассчитывали исходя из массы тела животного по формуле: V (мл) = 0,2 мл/кг • масса тела (кг). Оценка эффективности проводилась по комплексу клинических, физиологических и лабораторных показателей. Регистрация данных осуществлялась на следующих этапах: исходные данные (до индукции); после индукции анестезии; после введения эпидуральной анестезии (через 5, 15, 30 мин); интраоперационно (каждые 15 мин); в раннем послеоперационном периоде (через 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 ч). Применение опиоидных адъювантов при эпидуральной анестезии у собак значительно повышает эффективность обезболивания, увеличивая продолжительность анальгезии в 1,5–2,3 раза по сравнению с применением местных анестетиков без адъювантов. Морфин обеспечивает наиболее длительную послеоперационную анальгезию ((8,2 ± 1,4) ч), но сопровождается более высокой частотой побочных эффектов (задержка мочеиспускания – 40 %, зуд – 30 %). Фентанил характеризуется более быстрым началом действия ((11,2 ± 2,4) мин) и меньшей частотой осложнений, но более короткой продолжительностью эффекта ((5,4 ± 0,9) ч); комбинации различных местных анестетиков с адъювантами демонстрируют разную эффективность и профиль безопасности.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The aim of the research is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the use of various adjuvants during epidural anesthesia in dogs. The study was conducted in the period from 2024–2025 on the basis of the VetDoktor veterinary clinic (Novosibirsk). The protocol of epidural anesthesia was developed taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient, the nature and duration of surgical intervention. The animals were prepared for anesthesia according to a single protocol for all study groups. Before the procedure, the animals had limited access to food for 8–12 hours.  For induction, propofol was administered at a dose of 4-6 mg/kg intravenously until the required depth of anesthesia was reached. After induction, endotracheal intubation was performed and the animal was transferred to inhalation anesthesia using isoflurane at a concentration of 1.5–2.5 % in an oxygen stream of 0.1 l/kg/min. The volume of the injected solution was calculated based on the body weight of the animal according to the formula: V (ml) = 0.2 ml/kg × body weight (kg). The effectiveness was assessed according to a set of clinical, physiological and laboratory parameters. The data was recorded at the following stages: initial data (before induction); after induction of anesthesia; after administration of epidural anesthesia (after 5, 15, 30 minutes); intraoperatively (every 15 minutes); in the early postoperative period (after 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 an hour). The use of opioid adjuvants during epidural anesthesia in dogs significantly increases the effectiveness of anesthesia, increasing the duration of analgesia by 1.5–2.3 times compared with the use of local anesthetics without adjuvants. Morphine provides the longest postoperative analgesia (8.2 ± 1.4 hours), but is accompanied by a higher frequency of side effects (urinary retention – 40 %, itching – 30 %). Fentanyl is characterized by a faster onset of action ((11.2 ± 2.4) minutes) and a lower incidence of complications, but a shorter duration of effect ((5.4 ± 0.9) hours); combinations of various local anesthetics with adjuvants demonstrate different efficacy and safety profile.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>эпидуральная анестезия</kwd>
    <kwd>адъювант</kwd>
    <kwd>анестетик</kwd>
    <kwd>собаки</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>epidural anesthesia</kwd>
    <kwd>adjuvant</kwd>
    <kwd>anesthetic</kwd>
    <kwd>dogs</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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