Bulletin of KSAU Bulletin of KSAU Вестник КрасГАУ 1819-4036 102774 10.36718/1819-4036-2026-3-228-239 uhslyb Пищевые технологии Food technology Пищевые технологии STUDY OF THE FATTY ACIDS OF PUMPKIN, WATERMELON AND BLACK CUMIN OILS IN THE ASTRAKHAN REGION ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СОСТАВА ЖИРНЫХ КИСЛОТ МАСЕЛ ТЫКВЫ, АРБУЗА И ЧЕРНОГО ТМИНА АСТРАХАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ Васильев Владимир Анатольевич Vasil'ev Vladimir Anatol'evich Реснянская Анна Станиславовна Resnyanskaya Anna Stanislavovna resnyanskaya-as@yandex.ru Астраханский государственный технический университет Россия Астраханский государственный технический университет Russian Federation ФГБОУ ВО Астраханский государственный университет имени В.Н. Татищева Астрахань Россия Astrakhan Tatishchev State University Astrakhan Russian Federation 03 04 2026 03 04 2026 3 228 239 28 07 2025 https://vestnik.kgau.ru/en/nauka/article/102774/view

Цель исследования – определить состав жирных кислот для ценных растительных масел прямого холодного отжима (тыквы, арбуза, черного тмина), полученных из сырья, выращенного в Астраханской области. Задачи: получить масла прямого холодного отжима из семян арбуза, тыквы и черного тмина выросших в районах Астраханской области, с четкой привязкой к координатам населенного пункта. Определить состав мажорных и минорных жирных кислот. Произвести расчет важнейших числовых индексов. Собрать литературные данные по заданным критериям для соответствующих масел, полученных в различных странах и регионах, и соотнести их с результатами, полученными в ходе эксперимента. Соответствующее растительное сырье, отобранное в месте произрастания с точно известной географической привязкой, подвергалось переработки с целью получения масла методом прямого отжима. В полученных образцах масла состав жирных кислот определялся методом газовой хроматографии после проведения предварительного гидролиза глицеридов и получения соответствующих метиловых эфиров жирных кислот. В ходе проведенного исследования были получены образцы растительных масел путем холодного прямого отжима из сырья, выращенного в Астраханской области с повязкой к определенному населенному пункту. Для полученных масел из семечек тыквы, арбуза и черного тмина определен состав жирных кислот, произведен расчет преобладающего пула и других соотношений. Полученные результаты проанализированы в контексте имеющихся литературных данных по составу кислот соответствующих масел, произведенных в различных регионах мира. Идентификация состава жирных кислот и расчет их массовых соотношений является важным элементом комплексной процедуры оценки подлинности ценных растительных масел установления места происхождения сырья и производителя.

The increasing demand for high-quality cold-pressed edible vegetable oils is leading to a rise in the number of producers and competition among them. The production of counterfeit products creates unfair advantages for dishonest market participants. Determining the fatty acid composition and calculating their predominant pool in vegetable oils is one of the key criteria for establishing authenticity. The content of individual acids depends on the variety of the raw material, the location and conditions of cultivation, and the method of production, and can therefore be used as part of a comprehensive approach to confirm the product's affiliation with the declared producer and the origin of the raw material. The aim of this work is to determine the fatty acid composition of valuable cold-pressed vegetable oils: pumpkin, watermelon, and black cumin, obtained from raw materials cultivated in the Astrakhan region. The corresponding vegetable raw materials, selected from the growing area with a precisely known geographical reference, were processed to obtain oil through direct pressing. In the obtained oil samples, the fatty acid composition was determined using gas chromatography following the preliminary hydrolysis of glycerides and the production of the corresponding methyl esters of fatty acids. During the conducted research, samples of vegetable oils were obtained through cold direct pressing from raw materials cultivated in the Astrakhan region, linked to a specific locality. For the obtained oils from pumpkin seeds, watermelon, and black cumin, the fatty acid composition was determined, and calculations of the predominant pool and other ratios were performed. The results were analyzed in the context of existing literature data on the acid composition of the corresponding oils produced in various regions of the world. The identification of the fatty acid composition and the calculation of their mass ratios is an important element of a comprehensive procedure for assessing the authenticity of valuable vegetable oils and establishing the origin of the raw material and the producer.

 состав жирных кислот масло тыквы масло черного тмина масло арбуза идентификация подлинности fatty acid composition; oils: pumpkin black cumin watermelon authenticity identification; place of origin

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